Fireproof floor and ceiling construction



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No. 590,663. Patented Sept. 28,1897.

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O.P.T.KANDELER. FIRBPROOIE' FLOOR AND ()FILINGv CONSTRUCTION. No.590,6631R1 Patented 'Sept. 28, 1897.

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O. F. T. KANDELBR. FIRBPROOF FLOOR AND GEILING CONSTRUCTION.

No. 590,663. Patented Sept. 28, 1897.

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NITED STATES PATENT Enron.

CHARLES F. T. KANDELER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 590,663, datedSeptember 28, 1897.

/ Application filed April 5, 1897. Serial No. 630,754. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. T. KAN- DELER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State ofIllinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Fireproof Floorand Ceiling Construction, of which the following is a specification.-

My invention relates to an improvement in the construction ofbuildingsin which the framework is formed of metal beams and bars and isin the nature of an improvement upon the construction of fireprooffloors and ceilings set forth in Letters Patent of the United States No.560,410, granted to me on the 19th day of May, 1896.

As in my aforesaid former patent, the object of my present improvementis also to provide an economical and comparatively light floor andceiling construction for such buildings; but my presentobject is tostill further strengthen and lighten the structure and to enhance thefireproofin g effect thereof.

To these ends my invention relates more particularly to the manner inwhich 1 form the concrete flooring, to the means employed for fasteningthe floor-bars to the joists, to the means for splicing the floor-barsand the ceiling-strips, and, finally, to the manner of bracing theskeleton structure of the floor.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a broken sectionalplan view illustrating my improved floor andceiling construction; Fig.2, a section taken at the line 2 on Fig. 1, viewed in the direction ofthe arrow and enlarged; Fig. 3, a section taken at the line 3 on Fig. 2and viewed in the direction of the arrow; Fig. 4, a broken view insectional elevation showing the clip for fastening a floor-bar to ajoist and a laterallygrooved floor-strip fastened upon the floorbar;Fig. 5, a section taken at the line 5 on Fig. 4 and viewed in thedirection of the arrow; Fig. 6, a broken View, in side elevation, of afloor-bar, showing the means employed for splicing it; Fig. 7, a sectiontaken at the line 7 on Fig. 6 and viewed in the direction of the arrow 5Fig. 8, a broken view, in side elevati0n,of a ceiling strip and hanger,showing the means employed. for splicing it; Fig. 9, atop view of theceiling-strip shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 10, a section taken at the line 10floor-sections.

on Fig. 8 and viewed in the direction of the arrow, and Fig. 11 asection taken at the line 11 on Fig. 8 and viewed in the directionof thearrow.

A A denote the floor-beams, which are preferably I-beams.

B B are the joists, shown in theirpreferred channel form, extendinglengthwise at suitable intervals apartsay three feet, more orlessbetween the I-beams, to the webs of which the joists are fastened attheir opposite ends."

C C denote the metal floor-bars, shown in their preferred form ofI-bars, though their form may be that of a T-bar. These bars are placedto rest at their flanged bases upon the joist B to extend transverselyof the latter at, say, about eighteen inches apart, more or less. Fromthe joists are suspended, at suitable intervals apart to extend parallelwith the floor-bars or in other desired direction, the metalceiling-strips D, shown in their preferred channel form. Theseceilingstrips are suspended through the medium of hangers r in the formof metal strips fastened, as by bolting, near their upper ends to thebacks of joists B to extend below the latter and provided withrectangular slots 1", opening at the lower extremities of the hangers topermit the ceiling-strips to pass through the hangers. Thus the channelform of the ceiling-strip enters at one wing the horizontal section ofthe slot 4", and the back of the ceiling-strip extends through thevertical section of the slot. To tighten the ceilingstrips againstlongitudinal movement in their hangers, I drive a wedge, shown as a nail7*, through the horizontal part of the slot r against the strip.

For splicing the floor-bars C, to the end of preventing them effectuallyfrom sagging between the joists and to the further end of avoiding thenecessity for drilling holes through their web portions to receive thefastening-bolts, I provide, to extend across the adjacent ends of eachpair to be spliced, fish-plates p and 19, connected by a bolt 19 passedthrough them between theends of the For the I form of this bar thefish-plates, which are best applied to the flanges extending along itsopposite; edges, should be of the channel shape clearly illustrated inFig. 7, and about twice the length of one should extend over the top ofone of the spliced sections, and the same length of the other shouldextend over the bottom of the other floor-bar, as represented in Fig.(3, so as to avoid leaving at the shorter ends of fish-plates unduelengths beyond what is necessary to afford good bearings for thefloorbar sections, which may readily be brought into true alinement witheach other by tightening the nut upon the upper end of the bolt 29 In asomewhat similar manner and for the same purpose the ceilingstrips arespliced, but preferably with the fish-plates 0 and 0 applied to theopposite sides of the ceilingstrip sections to cross their adjacentends, between which the fish-plates are rigidly connected together bythe bolt 0 and because of the reentrant form of one side of eachceiling-strip when of its preferred channel form the fish-plate appliedto that side should conform to the shape of that side, as shown in Fig.11.

For fastening the floor-bars C to the joists, as may be done whereverthey cross each other, I provide a construction of clip 0', formed ofthe two members 12. and a, the former beingin the shape of a chain-linkopen between its ends to adapt it to be slipped upon the floor-barlengthwise over its baseflange, and the latter being in the form of anundulatory bar to be passed through the member n and hear at itsopposite ends, respectively, against the base of the floor-bar and theunder side of the upper wing of the joist. By this construction of clip,which may be readily applied, the parts it is caused to connect aresecurely and reliably fastened to gether, since the member 91 cannotbecome disengaged from the other member 0?. unless the latter be firstslipped lengthwise off the base-flange of the floor-bar.

It is advantageous to provide lateral bracing means for thefloor-structure, which I do by means of rods E, extended horizontallyand diagonally between floor-beams A and suitably fastened at theirends, where they project through holes in the webs of the floorbeams, asby means of beveled nuts. (Not shown.) It is not necessary, however, toprovide the brace-rods E between each pair of floor-beams throughout thestructure.

F F are the wooden floor-strips, which are longitudinally grooved,preferably on both sides, as shown, for a purpose hereinafter described.These are placed at intervals transversely of the floorbars O, to whichthey are fastened, as by means of nails Z, driven through them, and bentat their lower projectin g ends under the upper flanges of thefloorbeams.

For sustaining the concrete G until it has set a temporary sheeting isprovided. This sheeting is formed of boards h, extending across thebases of the floor-bars O, to which they are temporarily fastened, as bymeans of twisted wires 1', Fig. 1, one such board being provided belowand to extend parallel with each floor-strip F, and the spaces betweenthe sheetiug-boards are spanned by arches h or arch-centerings, as theyare termed, which rest at their opposite edges upon the opposite edgeportions of the boards, thus forming between the latter and the adjacent edges of the arch-centerings wedgeshaped grooves to be filled withthe concrete, for a purpose hereinafter described.

The concrete G is filled in upon the temporary sheeting to reach abovethe floor-bars O and flush with the upper surfaces of the floorstrips F,thereby forming a continuous (in the sense of a monolithic) layerembedding the floor-strips, the connection be tween which and theconcrete is rendered the more binding and intimate by the grooves in thesides of the floor-strips, whereby a mutual reinforcement is afforded.To the floor-strips may be nailed the flooring-boards g.

The form of the temporary sheeting pro duces a thickened portion 7L2 ofthe fireproofin g concrete below and throughout the length of eachfloor-strip 1 whereby in case of fire there is afforded to the latterbetter protection, and the arch-centerings hollow underneath andaccordingly lessen the load of the concrete and lighten theconstruction.

By laying the concrete to reach flush with the upper surfaces of thefloor-strips all air space is avoided below the flooring g, with theadvantages of excluding vermin and affording better deadening and moreeffective fireproofing, and the additional loading with concrete toextend it so high is more than compensated for by the tightening due tothe hollow sections produced by the arch-centerings.

\Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a fireproof-floor construction,the combination with joists offloor-bars extending across and resting on the joists, a sheetingcomprising boards h and arches h, having beveled ends at which they reston said boards and a filling of concrete extending between and over thefloor-bars, substantially as described.

2. In a fireproof-floor construction,the com bination with joists offloor-bars extending across and resting on the joists, floor-stripsextending across and resting on and fastened to the floor-bars, and amonolithic filling of concrete extending between and over the floor-barsand embedding the floor-strips,substantially as described.

3. A fireproof-floor construction comprising, in combination,floor-beams, joists supported by the floor-beams, floor-bars extendingacross and resting on the joists, floor-strips extending across andresting on and fastened to the floor bars, and a monolithic filling ofconcrete extending between and over the floor-bars and embedding thefloor-strips,sub stantially as described.

4. In afireproof-floor construct-iomthe combination with joists offloor-bars extending across and resting on the joists, floor-stripsextending across the floor-bars and a filling of concrete extendingbetween and over the floor-bars and embedding said strips and archedunderneath between thickened portions extending along the floor-strips,substan tially as described.

5. In a fireproof-floor construction,the com bination with joists, offloor-bars extending across and resting on the joists, fioor-stripsextending across and resting on and fastened to the floor-bars, and afireproof covering extending between and underneath the floorstrips,substantially as described.

6. In a fireproof-floor construction,the combination with joists B offloor-barsC extending across and resting on the joists and clips 0fastening the floor-bars to the joists, each clip comprising a link atembracing a floorbar across its base-flange and an un'dulatory bar athaving two or more bends passing through the part a and bearing at itsopposite ends respectively against the floor-bar and flange of thejoist, said bends in the bar preventing it from dropping out of the partit, substantially as described.

7. In a fireproof-floor construction,the combination with the joists offloor-bars extending across and resting thereon, said floor-bars havingthe perpendicular ends of adjacent sections straight throughout andspaced apart a distance greater than the width of the bolt to passbetween them, fish-plates crossing the ends of adjacent sections of afloor-bar to splice them and a bolt passing between said ends andconnecting the fish-plates, substantially as described.

8. In a fireproof-floor construction,the combination with the I-shapedbars O extending across and resting on the joists, of channel metalfish-plates p and p crossing the ends of adjacent sections of afloor-bar along the distance greater than the width of the bolt to bepassed between them and a bolt passing between said ends and connectingthe fish-plates, substantially as described.

10. In a fireproof floor and ceilingconstruction, the combination with aceiling-strip D having a rentrant side of fish-plates o and 0 crossingthe perpendicular ends of adjacent sections of said strip to splice themat opposite sides thereof, said ends being straight throughout andspaced apart a distance greater than the width of the bolt to be passedbetween them, and the fish-plate 0 conforming to the rentrant side ofthe ceiling-strip, and a bolt 0 passing between said ends and connectingthe fish-plates, substantially as described.

11. In a fireproof floor and ceiling construction, the combination withfloor-beams, joists and a suspended ceiling, of diagonal lateral bracingabove the ceiling, substantially as described.

12. In afireproof floor and ceiling construction, the combination offloor-beams, joists, floor-bars resting on the joists, a suspendedceiling below the fioor, and diagonal lateral bracing below thefloor-bars and above the ceiling, substantially as described.

CHARLES F. T. KANDELER.

In presence of J. H. LEE, R. T. SPENCER.

